What's Andragogy?
It is the art and science of teaching adults! knowplace adheres to andragogical principles as laid out by
Malcolm Knowles, 1913 - 1979 USA. He is credited with popularizing the theory of andragogy.
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The term 'andragogy,' comes from the Greek word 'anere' for adult, and 'agogus', the art and science of helping students to learn. The word describes the growing body of knowledge about adult learners in parallel with pedagogy. In andragogy, development is based upon a process design:
- Design and manage a process for facilitating the acquisition of content by the learners.
- Serve as a content resource and provide leads for other content resources (e.g. peers, supervisors, specialists).
In practical terms, andragogy means that instruction for adults needs to focus more on the process and less on the content being taught. Strategies such as case studies, role playing, simulations, and self-evaluation are most useful. Instructors adopt a role of facilitator or resource rather than lecturer or grader.
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Principles of Andragogy:
1. Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.
2. Experience (including mistakes) provides the basis for learning activities.
3. Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
4. Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.
Applying Andragogy To Course Design:
Knowles provides an example of applying andragogy principles to the design of personal computer training:
1. Adults need information to be relevant to them: There is a need to explain why specific things are being taught (e.g., certain commands, functions, operations, etc.)
2. Information should be practical: Instruction should be task-oriented instead of memorization -- learning activities should be in the context of common tasks to be performed.
3. Adult learners are diverse: Instruction should take into account the wide range of different backgrounds of learners; learning materials and activities should allow for different levels/types of previous experience with computers.
4. Adults are self directed, but need guidance: Since adults are self-directed, instruction should allow learners to discover things for themselves, providing guidance and help when mistakes are made.
Information adapted from: http://tip.psychology.org/knowles.html